Thursday, 18 September 2014

RESEARCH ESSAY OF ANALYSIS OF OPENING SEQUENCES

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF OPENING SEQUENCES

Explore the use of film language for effect in an opening sequence to a thriller. How does the director engage the audience?

‘Pulp Fiction is renowned for its dramatic and surprising opening sequence in which the characters ‘Honey Bunny’ and ‘Pumpkin’ brandish guns in an attempt to rob a restaurant. The opening sequences camerawork begins with a side on double shot of the characters in a booth at a coffee shop. The shot is partly an open frame; the audience is aware of an outside world both within the coffee shop and outside the coffee shop. This puts the two characters in perspective of the outside world, the conversation between them is made to seem normal, a part of everyday life. As the waitress arrives a close up shot is established with her to establish an intimate relationship between her and the audience where else she would be an anonymous figure. The faceless figure of the coffee shop becomes real and we have a sense of the characters interacting with the outside world. However, we never see the body of the waitress, alluding to the fact that something is always kept from our knowledge; we’re introduced to someone who works at the coffee shop but we never see her fully; we know the characters are in a coffee shop but we’re not introduced to an establishing shot (so in a way the frame is also closed). The shots then begin to cross cut between close ups of Amanda Plummer (Honey Bunny) and over her shoulder at Tim Roth (Pumpkin). This introduces us to point of view shots, establishing the audience as a part of the conversational intimacy so they feel included in the action. The camera tilts to include all of Amanda Plummer’s perspective in the shot. The movement is made to feel like Plummer’s eyes focusing on Roth. There are very little pans of the entire scene; we don’t really get to see the coffee shop beyond Plummer and Roth’s conversation. There is a sense of mystery as we are unaware of the surroundings and unaware of what is going to happen next. As the conversation between Plummer and Roth progresses and sub genres of action and crime are revealed, crosscutting between shots becomes more frequent and the shots begin to become more intense: as Roth explains his theory of Robbing banks the camera rolls and zooms increasingly into a close up. We are given a sense of building encroaching tension. When Plummer announces she’s “ready, right now!” Roth brandishes his gun on the table and we are given an extreme close up of the gun to emphasize the severity of the situation and the tension building question ‘are they actually going to do it?’ that we are all thinking becomes shockingly real and apparent. The camera then zooms out to a wide long shot of Roth standing on the booth seat and Plummer jumping to her feet holding a gun screaming threats at the coffee shop. The shot is at a low angle, thereby exaggerating Roth and Plummer to look larger and more intimidating than they actually are. Up until this point there has been very little focusing to create a depth of field in the scene, other than the perspective of the world through the window to make the scene seem as normal and ordinary as possible until the very last moment of total shock to keep an element of surprise and an air of mystery about the whole scene.

The scene lighting in this scene is low key; developing a spectrum of contrasting shadows known as chiaroscuro. There is very little filler lighting used at all, there is one main key source of light that originates from the window that’s made to look like naturalistic lighting and not stylized. The source of this light comes from the side of Plummer and Roth. Combined with very little filler light we are given a naturally uneven, contrastingly lit scene; from the side profile double shot perspective Plummer and Roth are highlighted but the shadows cast on their profiles seem to allude to an air of mystery and foreshadows their villainous intent that we are yet to be introduced to. In close up shots, these contrasting shadows are emphasized and so is the element of crime, which is why close up shots are used more frequently as the conversation becomes more and more suspicious.

The scene itself is designed to seem like an everyday setting; there is nothing unusual about the appearances of the characters or the situation they are in. other than the fact that we are never given any establishing circumstances, so we are aware of an outside world existing but we are never introduced to it; there is something there that we are unsure about and don’t quite know. The set of the booth is made to look like Plummer and Roth have been there for a considerable amount of time already (used coffee cups, discarded plates) forcing us to ask the question ‘so what’s going to happen next?’ . The scene continues to enforce this element of being unsure of the future and keeping us as the audience on edge, even at the end when the full plot of the film still isn’t revealed and we are drawn into watching more.

Sound is used effectively in this opening to enhance the mundane everyday setting of it at first. We hear background noise and chatter from the dinner throughout the whole scene reminding us of the outside world still existing. Part of this background noise is murmuring, the sound of cars rushing by and evening a faint tinkling of piano music. All this alludes to the life continuing to go by in the outside world as we watch Plummer and Roth’s conversation take place; as the scene progresses and we become more aware of the fact they are criminals, the background chatter of everyday life becomes ironic and we begin to sense a building of tension and expect something to happen next.

It is the combination and layering of these four aspects that transforms the scene into such an entertaining, surprising and allusive scene that draws you in to watch more.

                                      

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